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Duke Ellington Starring in The Evolution of Jazz




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Duke Ellington Starring in The Evolution of Jazz



Duke Ellington is considered to be one of the greatest figures

in the history of American music. Edward Kennedy 'Duke'

Ellington was born in Washington D.C. on April 29, 1899. His

parents were James Edward and Daisy Kennedy Ellington. They

raised Duke as an only child, until his sister, Ruth, was born

when Duke was sixteen years old. Duke, even as a teenager had a

great talent for music. In the beginning of his musical life,

Duke began to take a promising interest in a new type of music

that would later be called jazz. Choosing to base his career on

a new idea may not have been smart, but Duke did take this

chance and in turn became one of the most famous musicians in

America. Duke's first job was at a government office. He was a

clerk who received the minimum wage and was barely getting by.

He would arrange dance bands for weddings and parties for extra

money. His mother taught him how to play the piano. Sometimes he

put this knowledge to use and played at a few of the dance

parties and weddings. After Duke's first job, he became more

interested in painting and the arts. For a few years he painted

public posters. Duke then decided to put together his own band.

At this point in his life things started to change for the

better for Duke, but not for long. In those days, this new music

was just beginning to develop and would later be given the name

of jazz. In that time it was considered to be low and vulgar

because it was music that grew directly out of the Black

culture. In those early years, segregation was at one of its all

time worst points in history. I think that is why Duke Ellington

was one of the most important individuals to the growth and

development of jazz. During Duke's long career, the new music

slowly spread out of bars and saloons, to dance and night clubs

and then eventually onto the concert stage. In time, jazz became

a universally recognized form of art and has been said that it

is the only real form that has originated from the American

soul. By the 1960's Duke traveled the globe so many times that

he became known as the unofficial ambassador to the United

States. Duke's band had played in Russia, Japan, Latin America,

the Far East, the Middle East, and Africa. Duke, himself, was an

elegant man. When the white people looked down on the black man

and his music, Duke managed to bring dignity to every one of his

performances. Once, the jazz historian Leonard Feather described

Duke as, 'an inch over six feet tall, sturdily built, he had an

innate grandeur that would have enabled him to step with

unquenched dignity out of a mud puddle.' Duke's private life was

something of an enigma. Although he had many friends he never

really told them everything about himself. He would often guard

his privacy probably because he had so little of it. When he was

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alone though, he would almost always be arranging the next tune

for the band to play, and was always thinking or preparing

something for the band to do in the next performance. Duke

attracted some of the greatest musicians to join his band.

Because of this it has been said that many of Duke's pieces are

almost impossible to exactly duplicate without the personal

style of the original musicians. One of the strange things that

was known about Duke was that his school music teacher, Mrs.

Clinkscales, who played the piano, was always the inspiration

for him to just sit down and start tinkering around with a few

notes that usually became big hits. In his band the two,

probably most famous musicians were the trumpeter Whetsol and

the saxophonist Hodges. As the band became more and more

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popular, saxophonist Hodges became the highest paid performer in

the United States. The 1920's became known as 'the Jazz Age'

because jazz had hit its first great burst of popularity. At

that time Duke then added a young drummer named Sonny Greer. A

few years after Greer was hired, Duke's band hit a very rough

spot. They were often stuck in the street with no money and

nowhere to go. Duke and his band often were stuck doing crude

recordings just for a few dollars to buy a meal. In the autumn

of 1927, luck had crossed paths with Duke again. The manager of

Duke's band, Irving Mills, had heard that the prestigious cotton

club was looking for a new band and immediately Irving began

campaigning for Duke. Duke and his band opened on December 4,

1927 to meet a mad rush of spectators who eagerly awaited to

hear Dukes newest pieces. Duke's band became very prosperous and

they had their own spot on the Cotton Club floor with special

lighting and accommodations. At the year of 1928 the band

consisted of Bubber Miley, Freddy Jenkins, and Arthur Whetsol on

trumpet, joined with Tricky Sam Nanton, and Juan Tizol on

trombone. Johnny Hodges, now on alto sax, with Barney Bigard

doubled on tenor sax and clarinet, and finally Harry Carney at

seventeen years old joined on bari sax. Carney was known as one

of the first people in a band ever to use the bari sax as a solo

instrument. While Duke's band was performing at the Cotton Club,

his band participated in more than sixty-four recording

sessions. In 1931 Duke grew so tired of the show-business

routines that he decided to try his luck again on his own. When

he arrived in New York his band grew to almost three times what

it originally had been at the Cotton Club. Duke feared that this

would become a very serious problem considering how the stock

market crashed in late 1929 and millions of people across the

United States were out of work. Somehow, though, most of the

entertainment business survived the economic hardships.

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Ellington's band had appeared on Broadway and had even gone to

Hollywood to make a movie. Duke's band was having a hard time

performing in the south because of the segregation laws not

allowing blacks to eat in white restaurants or finding

accommodations that would allow blacks and whites to stay

together in a half-decent room. In 1932 Duke added a trombonist

named Lawrence Brown. In the same year, most of the other big

bands were adding vocalists to their ensemble and thus Duke felt

pressured to do so too. Duke then hired a woman named Ivie

Anderson and quickly proved that he had done the right thing.

Then in 1933 his band got a chance to play in Europe. At first

Duke was very skeptical of how his music would be reacted to

just because jazz had its roots in America and the Europeans had

a very contrasting style of music. The band managed to talk Duke

into believing the idea was a good one. The band's first stop

was England. The band was amazed at how well informed they were

about their entire past. Even the Prince of Wales came to hear

the band play. At the time the prince was an amateur drummer and

Sonny Greer Showed the prince how to work the drum set and they

played together and in the end were calling each other 'Sonny'

and 'The Wale'. All the concerts held in England were sellouts.

The band then moved on to Scotland, and then Paris, France where

their music was greeted with open arms. When Duke's band

returned to America the band really began feeling the hardship

and sorrow of traveling on the road, being separated from loved

ones. Also, many of the band members, including Duke, began

developing drinking problems and started making some of the

musicians lives miserable. What made things worse was the fact

that Duke's mother, Daisy, died in May of 1935 that set Duke

into a deep depression and he used to sit and stare into space

while he talked to himself. Fortunately though, those long

pep-talks with himself seem to snap Duke out of his depression.

But despite everything the band survived and in 1946 a

saxophonist/clarinetist named Russell Procope joined the band

and brought everyone up to a new point of view about traveling

on the road. Around the time that Procope joined the band Duke

invented a new song called 'Reminiscing in Tempo' and was not

looked upon favorably by critics but it did seem to sum

everything up that was written by Ellington from 1931 to 1939 in

a combination of gladness, sadness, triumph, and tragedy. But

then Duke's friend Arthur Whetsol became and had to leave the

band. Then the future of the band seemed uncertain as the

depression continued and millions of people were still out of

work. Until around 1935 when the 'Swing Era' hit the U.S. Irving

Mills had then formed his own record company in 1936 that boomed

with popularity as the demand for big bands playing this new

swing music was in intense demand. Later on Duke hired a lyrical

writer named Billy Strayhorn that led a premature death in 1967.

But when Strayhorn was with the band he wrote many compositions

that often went into the band's book of music. Then in 1942 Duke

hired one of the best tenor saxophonists ever and let him play

the first tenor sax solo ever arranged by Duke Ellington. In

1951 Saxophonist Johnny Hodges, trombonist Lawrence Brown, and

Sonny Greer left the band together and formed their own band but

then in 1955 Sonny Greer returned to the band and stayed with

Duke until his death in 1970. And then by the 1950's the

Ellington band was carrying on almost alone. By 1972 the times

and styles of the world no longer fit the old time style of

Duke's band. The band was not known like it used to be and that

could be the point in time I suppose you could say that the band

broke up. Duke Ellington's career spanned the whole history of

the birth of the music called jazz. And nowhere in that glorious

history is there a man who had more love for music, more respect

for his art, than the man they called the Duke.



David Kunstek writes for Http://www.ShotGlassShelf.com Display

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About the author:

David Kunstek writes for Http://www.ShotGlassShelf.com Display

Cases for the Shot Glass Collector, and

Http://www.Secret-Deals.com Every day discounts on Brand Name

Merchandise



Please feel free to use this article in your Newsletter or on

your website. If you use this article, please include the

resource box and send a brief message to let me know where it

appeared; Mailto:webmaster@secret-deals.com



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